Kaiwit Ruengruehan

Removal of Hardness Utilizing Charred Byproducts of Coconut, Peanut, and Vegetable Matter as Natural Sorbents

This study investigates the use of biomass-derived charcoal as a low-cost and sustainable adsorbent for hardness removal from groundwater. Charred sorbents were prepared from coconut shells, peanut shells, and vegetable residues and evaluated in both batch and continuous column s...