Junghyun Lee

Alternative venous options when the internal mammary vein is unavailable in delayed breast reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator free flap: a case report

The internal mammary vessels are the preferred recipient vessels for free-flap breast reconstruction, particularly in delayed reconstruction, in which the thoracodorsal system may be compromised. However, anatomic variation, prior surgical disruption, and radiation-induced fibros...