Julia Klimanek

Exploring birth options after three or four cesarean sections in Poland: maternal and neonatal outcomes following vaginal vs repeat surgical deliveries

OBJECTIVES: Postpartum depression (PPD) profoundly affects maternal health and disrupts mother-infant bonding, with lasting effects on infant development. The causal roles of hormones that change most dramatically during the perinatal period, including estradiol, cortisol, and pr...