Juan Carlos Ruiz

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Is Associated with Severe Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high burden of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and cardiovascular risk. GDF-15 is a stress-responsive biomarker linked to kidney dysfunction and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but its relationship with CAC across CKD stages...