Joerg Michael Schudrowitz

Bang-Bang Temperature Control in Espresso Machines

Consumer-grade espresso machines and bean-to-cup machines primarily regulate their brew temperature using on-off control, known in technical jargon as "bang-bang." Commercial and prosumer devices, on the other hand, are increasingly relying on PID control. From a product developm...

Bang-Bang Temperature Control in Espresso Machines

Consumer-grade espresso machines and bean-to-cup machines primarily regulate their brew temperature using on-off control, known in technical jargon as "bang-bang." Commercial and prosumer devices, on the other hand, are increasingly relying on PID control. From a product developm...