Jieru Han

Lactate as a Master Regulator of Immune Suppression: From Metabolic Waste to Epigenetic Checkpoint in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer, especially the microsatellite-stable subtype, which accounts for 85% to 95% of cases, resists immune checkpoint inhibitors largely due to metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment. Lactate has evolved from a waste product into a central immunosuppre...