Jiangyu Li

AI-Assisted Speaking Practice and Human-Directed Communicative Readiness: Survey and Scenario Evidence on Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Evaluation Pressure

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) voice tools create low-risk opportunities for second-language (L2) speaking practice, but it remains unclear whether AI-assisted speaking practice is associated with human-directed communicative readiness and how this relationship varies...