Jia Cai

Assessment of the Probiotic Potential of Three Host-Associated Bacillus Species on Growth Performance, Health Status, and Immune Responses of Tomato Clownfish (Amphiprion frenatus)

Antibiotic use in marine ornamental fish farming has raised concerns about resistance and tissue damage, motivating the search for safe probiotic alternatives. In this study, three Bacillus strains—B. subtilis (BS), B. megaterium (BM), and B. velezensis (BV)—that were isolated fr...