James C. Leiter

Ventral cervical epidural electrical stimulation failed to increase respiratory activity in anesthetized humans during opioid-induced respiratory depression

Respiratory depression is the leading cause of death during opioid overdoses. Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) may facilitate rhythmic motor activities such as locomotion and respiration. We investigated whether tonic, submotor threshold, EES of the ventral cervical spinal c...