Jaeseon Lee

A physics-constrained surrogate for subcooled flow boiling in low-GWP immersion cooling microchannels: FiLM conditioning and gradient-balanced training

In liquid immersion cooling with the low-GWP refrigerant R1233zd(E), the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) governs both the wall temperature and the thermal margin. A real-time digital twin needs a fast differentiable surrogate of the boiling closure rather than repeated evaluation...