Ivna Akrapovic Olic

Blunted Cortisol Awakening Response in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cross-Sectional Case–Control Study

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic immune activation, yet alterations in the cortisol awakening response (CAR) remain poorly defined. We compared cortisol dynamics in patients with IBD and healthy controls and explored associations with phenotype, endos...