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GPNMB interacts with SMAD4 to mediate microglial neuroinflammation and induce demyelination in diabetic cognitive dysfunction

Abstract Background Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is a prevalent hyperglycaemia-induced central nervous system complication driven by hippocampal neuroinflammation. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) exerts anti-inflammatory neuroprotection in neurodege...