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Oxygen-dependent subcellular redistribution of PHD3 links the hypoxic microenvironment to mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in ccRCC

Abstract Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by profound metabolic dysregulation, with both prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 3 (PHD3) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) independently implicated in disease progression. Although each influences patient outcomes, a...