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All-trans retinoic acid suppresses CD8+ T-cell terminal exhaustion and potentiates anti-PD-1 therapy in glioblastoma

Terminal exhaustion of CD8⁺ T cells limits the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), particularly in glioblastoma, which is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, a better understanding of the regulators of terminal exhaustion could overc...