Ionela Gavrilă-Paven

Digital Readiness and E-Commerce Adoption in the European Union: Within-Country Associations and Convergence Patterns (2020–2025)

This study examines digital readiness and e-commerce participation across the EU-27 during 2020–2025, combining common-sample two-way fixed-effects models for 2020–2024, one-year-lagged specifications, first-difference and post-break sensitivity analyses, and convergence tests. H...