Author
Ilyan Kan
Recent research
- BiologyOpen access
Article type: Perspective, mechanistic hypothesis, and prospective experimental framework. Aqueous peptide processing is often controlled by nominal pH even though pH records proton activity at the instant of measurement and does not specify titratable capacity, ionic composition...
- BiologyOpen access
PFEP of Plecanatide: Two-Disulfide Folding under a pH-Sensing Sequence Constraint
Plecanatide is the 16-residue uroguanylin analogue NDECELCVNVACTGCL with Cys4–Cys12 and Cys7–Cys15 disulfides. Its N-terminal Asp2 and Glu3 create a pH-responsive charge environment relevant to conformation and GC-C pharmacology. This article proposes that PFEP should separate ma...
- BiologyOpen access
Electrochemical peptide technologies usually place a substrate, mediator, enzyme, or protected growing chain in direct electrical communication with an electrode. This Perspective proposes a different architecture: paired-fraction electrochemical programming, in which anodic and...
- BiologyOpen access
Electrochemical peptide technologies usually place a substrate, mediator, enzyme, or protected growing chain in direct electrical communication with an electrode. This Perspective proposes a different architecture: paired-fraction electrochemical programming, in which anodic and...
- BiologyOpen access
PFEP Preconditioning of Exenatide Solutions: Separating Compounding History from Long-Term Stability
Exenatide is a 39-residue linear peptide whose solution degradation is strongly pH dependent. Published work shows relative stability near pH 4.5, oxidation-dominant loss at pH 5.5–6.5, and increasing deamidation and aggregation at pH 7.5–8.5. This article tests a bounded PFEP pr...
- BiologyOpen access
Somatostatin-14 is a 14-residue cyclic peptide closed by a Cys3-Cys14 disulfide and containing an oxidation-sensitive Trp8 residue. This combination makes it a discriminating test of paired-fraction electrochemical programming (PFEP): a useful process must create the disulfide wi...
- BiologyOpen access
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a cyclic amidated nonapeptide containing a Cys1-Cys6 disulfide and a strongly basic Arg8 residue. This Perspective derives an AVP-specific implementation of paired-fraction electrochemical programming (PFEP). The divided electrochemical cell is treat...
- BiologyOpen access
Paired-Fraction Electrochemical Programming of Ligase-Mediated Peptide Macrocyclization
A simple head-to-tail cyclic peptide is proposed as the fourth step of a PFEP validation ladder using Omniligase-1, a catalogued recombinant peptide ligase, subject to confirmation of current supply and lot activity. The model precursor is a 14-residue, side-chain-unprotected lin...
- BiologyOpen access
PFEP for Glucagon and Other Aggregation-Prone Linear Peptides
Glucagon illustrates a central formulation conflict: acidic conditions support initial dissolution but prolonged aqueous storage can produce chemical degradation, aggregation, gelation, and fibrillation, while near-neutral operation may be required in pumps or mixed-hormone devic...
- Health & MedicineOpen access
This patent-based technical research article critically reconstructs and evaluates the process disclosed in Russian patent RU 2 816 188 C1 for producing poly(L-lactide) microparticles intended for an injectable implant. The process integrates cold capillary dispersion of PLLA in...
- Materials & EnergyOpen access
A three-stage route is proposed for the preparation of a covalent pullulan-beta-cyclodextrin conjugate through carboxymethylation of beta-cyclodextrin, EDC/NHS-mediated coupling with cysteamine, allylation of pullulan, and photoinitiated thiol-ene conjugation in a supercritical c...