Il Saing Choi

Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Removal of Cervical Dumbbell Schwannomas Using a Dual-Tower Bidirectional Approach: A Technical Note With 2 Illustrative Cases

Cervical dumbbell schwannomas are usually managed with open or minimally invasive microsurgical approaches, and endoscopic removal of these tumors has not been previously reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case series describing the feasibility of unilateral biportal e...

Inside-Out Versus Outside-In Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A Structured Debate and International Practice Patterns

Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) is performed by 2 techniques that differ in where the working corridor is first established: inside-out docks within the disc and works outward; outside-in establishes the corridor in the foramen, typically by foraminoplasty, and...