Hyung Wook Kwon

Integrated Assessment of Pollen Substitute Diets in Honey Bees Based on Transcriptional Responses, Immune-Derived Predicted Biological Age, and Survival

Heat events and nutritional stress threaten honey bee health, but how pollen substitute formulation shapes responses to acute heat remains unclear. Newly emerged Apis mellifera workers received three pollen substitute diets or two beebread-based reference diets for five days befo...