Hongda Lian

A Rebound in Cultivated-Land Ecological Security Masks Persistent Pressures in Northeast China’s Black-Soil Region: Evidence from Heilongjiang Province

The sustained rebound in cultivated-land ecological security (CLES) indices across Northeast China’s Black-Soil Region is often interpreted as ecological improvement. However, aggregate recovery may mask unresolved or strengthening pressures and heterogeneous constraints among la...