Hoi Ching Lee

Reinforcement learning deficits in at-risk mental state for psychosis: the role of primary negative symptoms

Negative symptoms such as amotivation begin to emerge in the at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS), and in some cases, these symptoms are idiopathic (i.e., primary negative symptoms, PNS). While deficits in reinforcement learning (RL) are evident in patients with first-episod...