Hidetaka Noma

Interleukin-6 as a therapeutic target in Diabetic macular edema: current evidence and future perspectives

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is the current standard treatment, many patients show incomplete responses, indicating the contribution of VEGF-inde...