Helbert de Oliveira Manduca Palmiero

Routine versus clinically indicated cerebrospinal fluid sampling for infection in external ventricular drains: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: External ventricular drains (EVDs) are commonly used in neurosurgery but carry a risk of ventriculostomy-related infection. Routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling is commonly performed for surveillance, although its clinical value and potential risks are still unc...