‏Helal F. Hetta

Quinones as Optical Signal Transducers: Emerging Roles in Spectroscopic Sensing, Carbon Dots, and Enzyme-Free Immunoassays

Quinones have emerged as versatile optical signal transducers in spectroscopic analytical chemistry because of their unique redox activity, electron-transfer capability, reactive oxygen species generation, and tunable photophysical properties. Beyond their traditional roles as bi...