Heba M. Hamama

Evaluating the biorational profile of selected insecticides in Spodoptera littoralis: from nutritional disruption and genotoxicity to in silico risk analysis

Abstract Background Spodoptera littoralis is a highly destructive pest that threatens various economically important crops. This study evaluated the sublethal effects of five insecticides (Chlorantraniliprole, thiacloprid, emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, and Bacillus thuringiensi...