Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi

An integrated overview of acute heart failure: a narrative review of pathophysiological mechanisms and contributing factors

Abstract Background Acute heart failure (AHF) is a significant cardiovascular syndrome characterized by either new-onset heart failure (HF) or acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF), typically presenting with systemic and pulmonary congestion. The European Society of Cardiolo...