Hafiz Muhammad Waseem Javaid

Reliability of ultrasonography for transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus thickness in participants with and without low back pain

Abstract Objective To evaluate the reliability of the transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle assessment through musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSU) by exploring changes in the muscle thickness across the rest, contraction, and respiratory cycle (RC) phases in...