Hafiz Farooq Ahmad

Uncertainty-aware ordinal deep learning for automated periapical index assessment on dental radiographs

Abstract Automated radiographic assessment of periapical health may support scalable review, but the five-grade Periapical Index (PAI) is ordinal and should not be treated as nominal classification. We present PAI-SegScore as a single-cohort framework developed on DenPAR radiogra...