Ghufran Farooq Jumaah

Comprehensive Analysis of Raw and Ash Oil Refinery Sludge and Its Impact on Soil Characteristics

Abstract Annually, substantial quantities of sludge are generated by oil refineries in Iraq. This sludge exists in raw or ash forms that are categorized as hazardous to ecological systems because of the presence of toxic components, notably hydrocarbons and heavy metals. This stu...