Ghazwan Abdulla Hasan

Endoscopic Decompression Versus Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: A Structured Debate and International Practice Patterns

Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) combines neural compression with a variable mechanical phenotype, creating uncertainty over whether decompression alone is sufficient or fusion is required. Over the last few decades, endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) has opened new avenue...