Ghaya Alhebsi

A Two-Stage Unsupervised–Supervised Machine Learning Framework for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is essential for maximizing photovoltaic (PV) energy extraction under changing operating conditions. This paper investigates a two-stage machine-learning framework combining K-means or fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering of irradiance–temperature co...