Georgios Nicolaou

Direct Measurement of Polar Coronal Hole-like Solar Wind in Its Acceleration Phase

Abstract The early evolution of fast polar coronal hole (PCH) solar wind remains largely unconstrained by in situ measurements. In 2025 March, Parker Solar Probe (Parker) at its closest approach of 9.86 solar radii ( R ⊙ ) measured outflow from a large equatorial coronal hole (EC...

Stationarity measure of solar wind in the outer heliosphere

The thermodynamic behavior of the solar wind (SW), particularly under non-Maxwellian conditions, is often described by kappa distributions. However, the role of pickup ions (PUIs) and their impact on thermodynamic stationarity in the outer heliosphere remains insufficiently quant...