Forrest Cb

Child and Adolescent All-Cause Mortality in the United States vs Peer Nations: 1935–2023

BACKGROUND: Children in the United States experience higher all-cause mortality than high-income peer nations, but the timing, durability, and age and sex contributions to this gap remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the timing, persistence, and age- and sex-specific patt...

Assessing residual bias in real-world vaccine effectiveness studies: validating negative controls to avoid misleading results

Observational studies and randomized controlled trials demonstrate that vaccines protect against infections and severe outcomes, but real-world vaccine effectiveness estimates remain vulnerable to residual biases. Negative control outcomes can help detect and mitigate such biases...