Fengfeng Jia

Longitudinal associations between cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic stage and cognitive trajectories among middle-aged and older Chinese adults

Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) dysfunction and cognitive decline frequently coexist, but the temporal direction and potential biomarker pathways linking stage-based CKM burden to cognitive change remain uncertain. We analysed 5547 adults aged 45 years or older from the 201...