Fábio Sandro dos Santos

Which ETFs Protect Against U.S. Equity Crashes? Regime-Dependent Hedging and Safe-Haven Evidence from DCC-GJR-GARCH

Which liquid ETFs actually protect investors when U.S. equities crash? This paper answers that question using daily observations from 2012-03-02 to 2026-02-27 for SPY and eight cross-asset ETFs spanning gold, oil, broad commodities, the U.S. dollar, Treasuries, real estate, high-...