Esta Bovill

Intraoperative Venous Congestion in DIEP Flap Reconstruction: A Pooled Analysis Demonstrating the Limited Predictive Value of Patient-Level Risk Factors

Introduction Intraoperative venous congestion complicates 2% to 20% of deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstructions (DIEP) and is attributed to persistent superficial venous dominance. Despite numerous proposed predictors, no consensus exists. This study aims t...