Esam Shalaby

Physical Medium X: A Source–Medium–Receiver Hypothesis for Radiative Energy Transfer, Observed Latency, Spectral Evolution, and Cosmological Distance Relations — Expanded Research Manuscript

Physical Medium X is an independently developed scientific research hypothesis investigating whether the physical vacuum itself may exhibit a measurable response associated with radiative energy transfer between a source and a receiver. This expanded research manuscript documents...

Physical Medium X: A Source–Vacuum–Receiver Framework for Radiative Transfer — Mathematical Models, Cosmological Constraints, and Experimental Testability

Physical Medium X — Research Overview This independent research article presents Physical Medium X, a proposed Source A–Physical Vacuum–Receiver B framework for investigating whether a distinct, physically measurable vacuum-associated response contributes to observed radiation ti...

Instantaneous Field-Response Model: Reinterpreting Light Propagation, Signal Latency, and Cosmological Redshift Beyond Time-of-Flight and Metric Space Expansion Frameworks

This paper presents the Instantaneous Field-Response Model, a non-metric theoretical framework challenging standard cosmological models by replacing metric space expansion with a medium-density dissipation law (Medium X). The model accounts for signal latency, light propagation,...