Emad Alqassim

Candidate epistatic mutation clusters in occult hepatitis B virus genotype D: a critical narrative review of the evidence gap and a proposed testable framework

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype D is the dominant genotype across the Middle East. It forms the background against which diagnostic assays, blood-screening algorithms, and vaccination programmes operate in the region. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), the presence of replicati...