Ding Yilang

Vasoepididymostomy‐First Versus Primary ICSI for Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia: Real‐World Reproductive Outcomes for Treatment Selection

ABSTRACT Background In couples with epididymal obstructive azoospermia (EOA), choosing between microsurgical vasoepididymostomy (MVE)‐first and primary intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) remains a practical treatment‐selection challenge. Conventional endpoints such as patenc...