David Pires

Esteya spp. reduce Bursaphelenchus xylophilus reproduction in Pinus pinaster seedlings without consistent improvements in disease outcomes

Abstract BACKGROUND Pine wilt disease, caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , threatens pine forests worldwide, yet sustainable biological control strategies remain limited. We evaluated the effects of pre‐emptive inoculation with Esteya vermicola and E. floridanum on nematode re...