Daniel Okoh

Spatial variability of TEC perturbations and ROTI during the 3 october 2024 X9.0 solar flare: a multi-station GNSS analysis

Abstract This study investigates the spatially heterogeneous low-latitude ionospheric response to the 3 October 2024 X9.0 solar flare using GNSS observations from seven equatorial and low-latitude stations. TEC, quiet-time differential TEC ( $$\Delta \textrm{TEC}$$ ), and ROTI we...