Christopher Ali

Policy Window as a Trapdoor: Rethinking the Multiple Streams Framework through the Defunding of U.S. Public Media

This article analyses the 2025 defunding of U.S. public media as a critical case to revisit Kingdon’s multiple streams framework (MSF). While MSF offers a useful heuristic for understanding policy change through the convergence of problem, policy, and political streams, its expla...