Catherine S. Birken

Exclusive and Any Breastfeeding, Infant Formula Feeding, and Childhood Growth

OBJECTIVES: To understand the association between exclusive breastfeeding, any breastfeeding, and infant formula feeding and childhood growth. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted among children from birth up to 10 years in Toronto, Canada. The primary exposure was...

Co-designing a financial navigator program in the neonatal neurodevelopmental follow-up clinic: a formative mixed-methods study

Families of infants requiring neonatal intensive care often experience substantial financial hardship due to income loss and out-of-pocket costs during hospitalization and after discharge. Hospitals currently lack dedicated, structured support to help families navigate these fina...