Carlos Lago-Peñas

Same formation, different styles: An exploratory study of clustering playing style of teams in 4-3-3 formation in elite soccer

This study examined whether teams using identical formations display similar playing styles by integrating Phase of Play (PoP) indicators with clustering and explainable machine learning. Ninety-three observations from teams employing a 4-3-3 formation in the FIFA World Cup 2022...