Cahyani Gita Ambarsari

Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as a Source of Biomarkers for Kidney Allograft Rejection: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplant rejection remains a leading cause of graft loss, and diagnosis still depends largely on invasive biopsies. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) offer a potential noninvasive alternative for detecting allograft rejection through molecular profiling o...