Büşra Balcı

Isothermal Torrefaction vs. Direct Pyrolysis of Pine Cones: Biochar Texture, Carbon Structure, and Subsequent Electrochemical Evaluation

Pine cones are abundant forestry residues with potential for conversion into carbonaceous materials, yet the influence of torrefaction pretreatment on their particle-size distribution, carbon structure, textural properties, and ash behavior remains insufficiently understood. Here...