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Comparison of Kinesiophobia, Upper Limb Function, and Grip Strength in Patients with Pacemakers and Coronary Artery Disease

BACKGROUND: To compare kinesiophobia, shoulder range of motion (ROM), functional disability, and handgrip strength (HGS) between patients with cardiac pacemakers and those with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 60 individuals aged...