Bonnie Ernst

“A Tilt Between Justice and Total Depravity”: The Criminalization of Black Women and the Expansion of Carceral Space in Detroit

Abstract This article examines the ways Black women and girls in Detroit, Michigan, were criminalized and punished as they encountered criminal courts, indeterminate sentences, women’s reformatories, and police brutality from the 1870s to the early 1900s. Detroit was uniquely sit...