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Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction in Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia Assessed by Tissue Doppler and Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography

OBJECTIVE: Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia in childhood and may induce cardiovascular adaptations, including increased heart rate, elevated cardiac output, plasma volume expansion, and myocardial remodeling. Beyond hematologic consequences, reduced iron availabilit...