Ban Leong Sng

Automated Vision-Based Sensing of Paediatric Pain Using 2D-Facial Landmark Trajectories Derived from 3D Geometric Normalisation and a Spatial-Temporal Attention Long Short-Term Memory (STA-LSTM) Network

Background: Accurate pain assessment in children remains challenging because conventional behavioural assessment tools are subjective and provide only intermittent observations. This study evaluated a vision-based sensing system for automated paediatric pain detection using two-d...