Annamalai Muthusamy

A comprehensive review of Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook.: medicinal uses, distribution, conservation, population genetics and phylogeography

Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. is a unique fern with a rich ethnomedicinal history and a broad but patchy distribution across tropical Asia and the Pacific regions. This review compiles current knowledge on its taxonomy, morphology, medicinal uses, bioactive compounds, and...

Artificial intelligence methods for morphological analysis and diagnosis of bacterial and fungal leaf diseases

Abstract Bacterial and fungal leaf diseases frequently produce overlapping visual symptoms, complicating automated diagnosis and limiting the transferability of models across crops and field conditions. This review systematically evaluates artificial intelligence methods for the...